5- Sellar reconstruction algorithm in pituitary surgery

Background

Proposing a strategy for sellar reconstruction in endoscopic transsphenoidal transsellar approachfor pituitary adenoma.

Methods

240 patients with pituitary adenoma underwent pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.Intra-operative CSF leaks were classified as grade 0, no observable leak; grade 1, CSF dripping through anarachnoid membrane defect of less than 1 mm; and grade 2, CSF flowing through an arachnoid defect of morethan 1 mm. Sellar reconstruction was performed according to our staging system; in stage I, the defect was coveredwith oxidized cellulose and sphenoid sinus filled up with Gelfoam. In stage II, a layer of fat was appliedon the defect and fascia lata placed epidurally. In stage III, one or two layers of fascia were used with addingsurgical glue and/or lumbar drainage. Mucosa of sphenoid sinuses was kept intact as much as possible and approximatedat the end of procedure.

Result

intra-operative CSF leaks grade 0, 1 and 2 resulted in 133(55.4%), 78 (32.5%) and 29(12.1%) patients,respectively. Stage I of reconstruction was used in 126 patients (52.5%) with no intra-operative CSF leak orsever prolapse of arachnoid membrane. Stage II was performed in 80 patients (33.3%) with either leak grade 1(73 patients) or grade 0 with severe prolapse of the suprasellar components induced in the sella (2 cases) or inwhom extra-pseudocapsular dissection performed (5 cases). Stage III was performed in 34 cases (14.2%) witheither CSF leak grade 2 (29 patients) or grade 1 with simultaneous severe destruction or removal of sellar floorlaterally, superiorly or inferiorly (5 patients) which made it impossible to place the fascia underlay to the bone.A minimum of 18 months follow-up showed development of 2 CSF leaks (0.8%), one pneumocephalus (0.4%)and 2 meningitis (0.8%) cases.

Conclusion

Given the low postoperative CSF leak rate, we demonstrated that our adopted sellar reconstructionstrategy focusing mostly on the adopted intra-operative CSF leak grading system is safe and useful forovercoming devastating complications like postoperative CSF leaks.

Keywords:

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, reconstruction, cerebrospinal fluid leak